Redemption or Reduction of Partner's Partnership Interests - SLP XX - #340-329*

The law provides that the partnership agreement of the special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale) may authorise the redemption or reduction of the partnership interests of one or more partners under the following conditions.

1- Who Can Redeem or Reduce the Partnership Interests of One or More Partners?

• the management; or 

• the partners.

2- To What Extent Is this Redemption or Reduction of the Partnership Interests of One or More Partners Possible?

• in whole; or

• in part.

3- How Can the Redemption or Reduction of the Partnership Interests of One or More Partners Occur?

The redemption or reduction of partner's partnership interests may be carried out at the request of one or more partners.

4- In Addition to the Above Conditions, How Are the Terms of a Redemption or Reduction of the Partnership Interests Determined? 

The terms of a redemption or reduction are contractually determined.

References : Article 320-7, §4 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended ; #339-328* Enforceability of transfers and dismemberments (démembrements) of partnership interests - SLP - XIX, April 22, 2021, Bertrand Mariaux; #338-327* Partnership Interests: Transfer, Pledge and Dismemberment (Démembrement) - SLP XVIII, April 21, 2021, Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #340

*YouTube Video 329* 

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)

Contributor: Cédric Buisine, Avocat

Enforceability of Transfers and Dismemberments (démembrements) of Partnership Interests - SLP XIX - #339-328*

The law provides that transfers and dismemberments (démembrements) of partnership interests are only valid against the special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale) and third parties if they have been notified to or accepted by the partnership.

Similarly, the law further states that transfers and dismemberments (démembrement) of partnership interests cannot have any effect vis-à-vis third parties with regard to corporate commitments made prior to their publication, except where the third party was aware of them, or could not have been unaware of them.

References: Article 320-7, §3 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended; #338-327* Partnership Interests: Transfer, Pledge and Dismemberment (SLP), April 21, 2021, Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #339

339-328* Enforceability of transfers and dismemberments of partnership interests (SLP) *Article #339-328* *Podcast #339 *YouTube Video 328*: https://youtu.be/Mf_uG358L7E . . . . . . . . #corporate , #avocat , #ServeAndThrive , #ThriveAndAccomplishYourMission , #MariauxAvocats , #MissionDriven , #MissionDrivenVenture , #alternativeinvestment , #limitedpartnership , #LP , #SpecialLimitedPartnership , #SLP , #SCSp , #sociétéencommanditespéciale, #DFI To see this publication, go to our blog The VADE-MECUM - https://mariauxavocats.com/vademecum.

*YouTube Video 328* 

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)

Contributor: Cédric Buisine, Avocat

Partnership Interests: Transfer, Pledge and Dismemberment - SLP XVIII - #338-327*

Let us consider the question of transfer, dismemberment (démembrement), and pledge of partnership interests in a special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale).

This question is governed by almost identical rules for limited and general partners (GPs) (i). The only exception is that the rules of general law (droit commun) are more restrictive for GPs' partnership interests (ii). We may also notice that there is still a great deal of room for contractual freedom.

I - Partnership Interests: Transfer, Pledge and Dismemberment (démembrement) - Similar Rules for GPs and Limited Partners (LPs)’ Partnership Interests

Whether they are partnership interests of LPs or GPs, they may only be transferred, dismembered or pledged in accordance with the terms & conditions and in the form provided for in the partnership agreement, failing which the operation shall be null and void.

If the partnership agreement is silent on the above, and except in the case of a transfer other than by reason of death, the dismemberment (démembrement) and pledging of an LP's partnership interests require the approval of the GP(s).

In the same case (as in the previous paragraph), but this time for the GP's partnership interest(s), additional steps are required. 

II - GP’s Partnership Interest(s): Transfer, Pledge and Dismemberment (démembrement) - Restrictions

As mentioned above, in the absence of provisions to the contrary in the SLP's partnership agreement, and for a transfer other than a transfer by reason of death, a dismemberment (démembrement) and pledging of GPs' partnership interests requires this time:

1. the approval of all the partners; and

2. that the latter decide in the same manner as when amending the partnership agreement.

References: Article 320-7 §1 & 2 of the Law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended ; #336-325* Partners' Decisions and Partnership Agreement (SLP), April 19, 2021, Bertrand Mariaux; #337-326* What About Partners' Decisions in the Absence of Statutory Provisions in an SLP? April 20, 2021, Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #338

338-327* Partnership Interests: Transfer, Pledge and Dismemberment (SLP) *Article #338-327* *Podcast #338 *YouTube Video 327* . . . . . . . . #ImpactInvesting , #corporate , #avocat , #ServeAndThrive , #ThriveAndAccomplishYourMission , #MariauxAvocats , #MissionDriven , #MissionDrivenVenture , #alternativeinvestment , #limitedpartnership , #LP , #SpecialLimitedPartnership , #SLP , #SCSp , #sociétéencommanditespéciale, #DFI To see this publication, go to our blog The VADE-MECUM - https://mariauxavocats.com/vademecum.

*YouTube Video 327* 

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)
Contributor: Cédric Buisine, Avocat

What About the Partners' Decisions in the Absence of Statutory Provisions in an SLP? - SLP XVII - #337-326*

Earlier we mentioned the decisions that specifically have to be taken by the partners in a special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale). The partnership agreement should therefore indicate which decisions are not taken by the partners. The form and conditions of these decisions should also be stated. 

However, if the partnership agreement of the SLP is silent:

1- the decisions of the partners are taken: 

• in a general meeting; or 

• through a written consultation;

the written consultation takes place as follows:

• each partner has to receive the text of the resolutions or decisions to be taken expressly stated and shall cast his vote in writing;

2- the decisions are validly taken by a majority of the votes cast (regardless of the portion of interest shares represented);

however, for decisions regarding:

• changes to the company's purpose;

• the change of nationality of the company;

• the conversion or liquidation of the company;

the latter are adopted only by the approval of:

• the partners’ quorum representing 3/4 of the partnership interests; and

• of all general partners;

3- such meetings or written consultations may be convened or initiated by:

• the manager or managers; or by

• partners representing more than half of the partnership interests.

References: Article 320-6 §2 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended; Partners' Decisions and Partnership Agreement (SLP), April 19, 2021, Bertrand Mariaux, #336-325*.

*Podcast #337

What About Partners' Decisions in the Absence of Statutory Provisions (SLP)? *Article #337-326* *Podcast #337 *YouTube Video 326* . . . . . . . . #ImpactInvesting , #corporate , #avocat , #ServeAndThrive , #ThriveAndAccomplishYourMission , #MariauxAvocats , #MissionDriven , #MissionDrivenVenture , #alternativeinvestment , #limitedpartnership , #LP , #SpecialLimitedPartnership , #SLP , #SCSp , #sociétéencommanditespéciale, #DFI To see this publication, go to our blog The VADE-MECUM - https://mariauxavocats.com/vademecum.

*YouTube Video 326* 

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)
Contributor: Cédric Buisine, Avocat

Partners' Decisions & Partnership Agreement - SLP XVI - #336-325*

First, it is important to mention that, with regard to the proportion of voting rights and unless the partnership agreement provides otherwise, the voting rights of each partner are proportional to the partnership interest that each partner holds in the special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale). Let us consider the decisions that must be taken by the partners (i) before mentioning certain elements that must be indicated in the partnership agreement (ii). 

I - Decisions to Be Taken By the Partners

The law expressly provides a series of decisions that must be taken by the partners. There are as follows:

1. changes in the company's object;

2. change of nationality of the company; or

3. conversion; or 

4. the liquidation of the company.

II - Decisions Not Taken By the Partners, Forms and Conditions of Adoption 

The partnership agreement shall determine which decisions the partners do not take. The partnership agreement shall also determine in what forms and under what conditions these decisions are to be taken. If there are no stipulations in the partnership agreement in this respect, the law will govern some of these elements, which we will discuss later.

References: Article 320-6 §1 & 2 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended; Acts Expressly Authorised for the Limited Partner (SLP/SCSp) - SLP XIII, April 8, 2021, #333-322*, Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #336

Partners' Decisions & Partnership Agreement (SLP) *Article #336-325* *Podcast #336 *YouTube Video 325* . . . . . . . . #ImpactInvesting , #corporate , #avocat , #ServeAndThrive , #ThriveAndAccomplishYourMission , #MariauxAvocats , #MissionDriven , #MissionDrivenVenture , #alternativeinvestment , #limitedpartnership , #LP , #SpecialLimitedPartnership , #SLP , #SCSp , #sociétéencommanditespéciale, #DFI To see this publication, go to our blog The VADE-MECUM - https://mariauxavocats.com/vademecum.

*YouTube Video 325* 

Partners' Decisions & Partnership Agreement (SLP)*Article #336-325**Podcast #336*YouTube Video 325* To see this publication, go to our blog The VADE-MECUM - ...

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)

Contributor: Cédric Buisine, Avocat

The Partners' Share in the Profits and Losses - SLP XV - #335-324*

The special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale - one of the Luxembourg partnerships) offers real flexibility to its partners, due to its contractual nature.

Thus, distributions and reimbursements to partners and the conditions under which the SLP may request their restitution are governed by the partnership agreement. 

Therefore, as the law provides, unless otherwise stipulated in the partnership agreement, the share of each partner in the profits and losses of the SLP is in proportion to his partnership interest.

References: Article 320-5 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended ; What Is a Special Limited Partnership (Société en Commandite Spéciale) January 14, 2021, #321-310*, Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #335 (see Link on LinkedIn Article)

*YouTube Video 324* 

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)

Contributor: Cédric Buisine, Avocat

The Possibility for a Limited Partner to Act in the Management of an SLP - SLP XIV - #334-323*

In our previous publications we stated that in a special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale) one of the specific attributes of the limited partner (LP) is that he is prohibited from performing acts of management with respect to third parties.

If he were to disregard this prohibition, the LP would be held indefinitely, jointly and severally liable to third parties for all the company's commitments in which he had participated.

However, it will be possible for an LP: 

1. to act as a member of a management body; or 

2. to act as a proxy for a manager of the SLP (a manager who may also be general partner as well); or

3. to be granted a corporate signature power by the latter even when acting as a representative of the company.

The LP will be able to act in this manner without incurring joint and several liability vis-à-vis third parties for the company's commitments, provided that the representative capacity in which he is acting is indicated, as required by law.

References: Article 320-4, §6 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended; #213-202* De la possibilité pour un associé commanditaire d’agir dans la gestion d’une SCSp, 20 juillet 2020, Bertrand Mariaux; #331-320*-Two Specific Features of the Limited Partner-SLP XI-March 24, 2021, Bertrand Mariaux; #328-317-The Liability of the Managers of an SLP (Excl. GP)-SLP-VIII, March 3, 2021, Bertrand Mariaux; #211-200* Responsabilité de l’associé commanditaire (limited partner) et acte de gestion (SCSp), 18 juillet 2020, Bertrand Mariaux; #210-199* Deux particularités de l’associé commanditaire (limited partner) - SCSp, 17 juillet 2020, Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #334

334-323* - The Possibility for a Limited Partner to Act in the Management of an SLP - SLP XIV *Article #334-323* *YouTube Video 323* . . . . . . . .

*YouTube Video 323*

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)

Contributor: Cédric Buisine, Avocat

Acts Expressly Authorised for the Limited Partner (SLP/SCSp) - SLP XIII - #333-322*

In a special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale), the principle laid down by the law is that the limited partner (LP) may not perform any management act (acte de gestion) vis-à-vis third parties. The LP is also indefinitely, jointly and severally liable, vis-à-vis third parties, for all the commitments of the company in which he has participated in contradiction to the foregoing prohibition, as stated in paragraph 3 of article 320-4 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies. Finally, the limited partner is also indefinitely, jointly and severally liable to third parties, even for commitments to which he has not been participating, if he has habitually performed acts of management with respect to them, as the law also states.

But then, how can the limited partner act without incurring liability? The actions authorised for the limited partner and therefore not constituting acts of management (actes de gestion) sanctioned by law are the following:

1. the exercise of the prerogatives of a partner;

2. advice and guidance given to:

   1. the SLP;

   2. its affiliated entities; or

   3. their managers;

3. acts of control and supervision;

4. granting of: 

   1. loans;

   2. guarantees; or

   3. security interests; or

5. any other assistance to : 

   1. the company; or

   2. its affiliated entities; and

6. authorisations given to the managers in the cases provided for in the SLP's partnership agreement for acts which exceed their powers.

References: Article 320-4, §2, 4, 5 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended; De certains actes expressément autorisés pour l’associé commanditaire (SCSp) - #212-201*, 19 juillet 2020, Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #333

333-322* Acts Expressly Authorised for the Limited Partner (SLP/SCSp) - SLP XIII *Article #333-322* *YouTube Video 322* . . . . . . . . #ImpactInvesting , #corporate , #avocat , #ServeAndThrive , #ThriveAndAccomplishYourMission , #MariauxAvocats , #MissionDriven , #MissionDrivenVenture , #alternativeinvestment , #limitedpartnership , #LP , #SpecialLimitedPartnership , #SLP , #SCSp , #sociétéencommanditespéciale, #DFI To see this publication, go to our blog The VADE-MECUM - https://mariauxavocats.com/vademecum.

*YouTube Video 322* 

333-322* Acts Expressly Authorised for the Limited Partner (SLP/SCSp) - SLP XIII*Article #333-322**Podcast #333*YouTube Video 322*To see this publication, g...

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)
Editor: Niki Shillinglaw

Liability of the Limited Partner and Management Act - SLP XII - #332-321*

We mentioned earlier that the limited partner (associé commanditaire) may not perform any act of management with respect to third parties in a special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale). It is interesting to note that, as in the case of a common limited partnership (société en commandite simple), the general partner (associé commandité) is in principle jointly and severally liable for the commitments of the SLP.

If, however, a limited partner was to perform any act of management despite the prohibition set out in the foregoing principle, he would be held indefinitely, jointly and severally liable with the SLP, vis-à-vis third parties, for all the commitments of the company in which he had participated.

Finally, the limited partner will also be held jointly and severally liable with the SLP, indefinitely, vis-à-vis third parties and creditors, for commitments in which he has not participated, if he has habitually performed acts of management for the said commitments. We shall see how the concept of management act fits into the framework by addressing in particular what does not constitute a prohibited management act for the limited partner.

References: articles 320-1 (1), 320-4 § 2, 3 et 4 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended ;  Two Specific Features of the Limited Partner-SLP XI-#331-320*, March 24, 2021, Bertrand Mariaux ; #200-189* Qu’est-ce qu’une société en commandite spéciale ? July 7, 2020, Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #332

Liability of the Limited Partner and Management Act - SLP XII *Article #332-321* *YouTube Video 321| . . . . . . . . #ImpactInvesting , #corporate , #avocat , #ServeAndThrive , #ThriveAndAccomplishYourMission , #MariauxAvocats , #MissionDriven , #MissionDrivenVenture , #alternativeinvestment , #limitedpartnership , #LP , #SpecialLimitedPartnership , #SLP , #SCSp , #sociétéencommanditespéciale, #DFI https://mariauxavocats.com/vademecum/f5xrypc59rtxbtkfggffdkzbwy49cr https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/liability-limited-partner-management-act-slp-xii-bertrand-mariaux To see this publication, go to our blog The VADE-MECUM - https://mariauxavocats.com/vademecum.

*YouTube Video 321* 

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)

Contributor: Cédric Buisine, Avocat

Two Specific Features of the Limited Partner - SLP XI - #331-320*

It should be noted that the provisions applicable to the special limited partnership (SLP - société en commandite spéciale) are identical to those applicable to the common limited partnership (société en commandite simple) in this respect. 

The question of the impact of the ranking as (possible) creditor (in the event that the limited partner (LP - associé commanditaire) enters into a transaction with the SLP) - vis-à-vis the SLP of which - he is a partner is interesting.

I - The Possibility of Entering Into Transactions With the SLP and the Impact of the LP's Creditor Rank

An LP may enter into any transaction with the SLP. Its ranking as a preferred creditor status or not (unsecured creditor) - depending on the terms of the transaction - will not be affected by its LP position. The fact that an LP is an LP of the SLP has no impact in this regard. There is no conflict of interest by that fact alone. There is, however, an important limitation to the position of LP when it comes to the management of the SLP.

II - Can a Limited Partner Perform Management Acts With Regard to Third Parties?

The law is clear: an LP may not perform any act of management with respect to third parties.

References: article 320-4, §1 & 2 of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies as amended; with regard to the société en commandite simple: Deux particularités de l’associé commanditaire (limited partner) (SCS) #189-178*, 27 juillet 2020, Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #331

331-320*-Two Specific Features of the Limited Partner-SLP XI *Article #331-320* *YouTube Video 320* . . . . . . . . #ImpactInvesting , #corporate , #avocat , #ServeAndThrive , #ThriveAndAccomplishYourMission , #MariauxAvocats , #MissionDriven , #MissionDrivenVenture , #alternativeinvestment , #limitedpartnership , #LP , #SpecialLimitedPartnership , #SLP , #SCSp , #sociétéencommanditespéciale, #DFI https://mariauxavocats.com/vademecum/prgb5h9e8s7d6zcgjh3f4hgalxr9ew https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/two-special-features-limited-partner-slp-xi-bertrand-mariaux To see this publication, go to our blog The VADE-MECUM - https://mariauxavocats.com/vademecum.

*YouTube Video 320*

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment (Swearing-in oath): Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master in European & International Law - major in economics, 2008), certified Expert in Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)

Contributor: Cédric Buisine, Avocat

Editor: Hannah Seulgee Jung