We mentioned earlier that the most commonly used forms of investment funds in impact finance are the undertaking for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS), the specialised investment funds (SIF - fonds d’investissement spécialisés), the investment company in risk capital (société d’investissement en capital à risque - SICAR), the undertaking for collective investment (UCI) Part II fund and finally the reserved alternative investment fund (RAIF). These investment funds are generally structured and need traditional business formations to operate. Which corporate forms are mostly used? The most commonly used corporate formations for investment funds are: 

• the public limited liability company (société anonyme - SA) - on which we extensively wrote these past few weeks;

• the limited liability company (société à responsabilité limitée - SARL);

• the partnership limited by shares (société en commandite par actions - SCA);

• the limited partnership (société en commandite simple - SCS); we have also covered the main legal aspects of it in past publications; and

• the special limited partnership (société en commandite spéciale - SCSp); - likewise, we have dealt with the main legal aspects of it in past publications.

References: for UCITS and Part II Funds see: Law of 17 December 2010 relating to undertakings for collective investment as amended; for SIF see: Law of 13 February 2007 relating to specialised investment funds as amended; for SICAR see: Law of 15 June 2004 relating to the investment company in risk capital as amended; for RAIF see: Law of 23 July 2016 on reserved alternative investment funds, as amended; What is a RAIF?, 17 June 2020, Bertrand Mariaux; and the following publications deal with the main and general corporate law questions on the some of the aforementioned corporate formations in French: 

• for SA see publications: Qu’est-ce qu’une société anonyme ? 29 July 2020 (from this date), Bertrand Mariaux; to: L’acquisition d’actif des fondateurs (1/10ème du capital) par la SA, 20 August 2020 (to this date), Bertrand Mariaux; 

• for SCS see publications: Qu’est-ce qu’une société en commandite simple (SCS) ? 18 June 2020 (from this date), Bertrand Mariaux; to: Le rachat ou la réduction des parts d’intérêts d’un associé (SCS), 6 juillet 2020 (to this date), Bertrand Mariaux; and finally, 

• for SCSp, please see publications: Qu’est-ce qu’une société en commandite spéciale ?, 7 juillet 2020 (from this date), Bertrand Mariaux; to: La transformation d’une SCSp et la personnalité juridique, 28 juillet 2020 (to this date), Bertrand Mariaux.

*Podcast #246:

*YouTube Video 235|:

Bertrand Mariaux, Avocat à la Cour, LL.M. (hons.)

Prestation de serment: Luxembourg (2011), Certificat d’Aptitude à la Profession d’Avocat, École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux de la Cour d’appel de Paris (2009), Bond University (LL.M. (distinct.), International Legal Practice, 2010), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord & University of Limerick (Master en droit européen et international - mention économique, 2008), certified Expert in: Microfinance (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2015), social entrepreneurship (University of Oxford, 2015 & The Wharton School of Social Policy & Practice, 2014) and social & solidarity economy (International Labour Organization Academy - Social & Solidarity Economy, Organisation Internationale du Travail - Économie Sociale et Solidaire, 2017)